.
This is an LED pulse effect circuit. The effect result of this circuit is that the LED goes from off state, lights up gradually, then dims gradually.
This operation mode is obtained by a triangular wave generator formed by two op-amps contained in a very cheap 8 pin DIL case IC. Q1 ensures current buffering, in order to obtain a better load drive. R4 and C1 are the timing components: using the values shown in the parts list, the total period is about 4 seconds.

R1,R2 _________4K7 ohm
R3 _________22K ohm
R4 _________2M2 ohm (See Notes)
R5 _________10K ohm
R6 _________47R ohm (See Notes)
C1 _________1µF/ 63V Polyester Capacitor
D1 _________5mm. LED (See Notes)
IC1 _________LM358 Low Power Dual Op-amp
Q1 _________BC337 NPN Transistor

This amplifier circuit design is based on the 18 Watt Audio Amplifier, and was developed mainly to satisfy the requests of correspondents unable to locate the TLE2141C chip. It uses the widespread NE5532 Dual IC but, obviously, its power output will be comprised in the 9.5 – 11.5W range, as the supply rails cannot exceed ±18V.
As amplifiers of this kind are frequently used to drive small loudspeaker cabinets, the bass frequency range is rather sacrificed. Therefore a bass-boost control was inserted in the feedback loop of the amplifier, in order to overcome this problem without quality losses. The bass lift curve can reach a maximum of +16.4dB @ 50Hz. In any case, even when the bass control is rotated fully counterclockwise, the amplifier frequency response shows a gentle raising curve: +0.8dB @ 400Hz, +4.7dB @ 100Hz and +6dB @ 50Hz (referred to 1KHz).
Do you looking for high voltage capacitors for your circuit..?
I just get this table about capacitor working voltage for each type of capacitor (ceramic, electrolytic, tantalum, mylar polyester and mylar metal film capacitor).
| Ceramic | Electrolytic | Tantalum | Mylar (Polyester) | Mylar (Metal Film) |
| - | 10V | 10V | - | - |
| 16V | 16V | 16V | - | - |
| - | - | 20V | - | - |
| 25V | 25V | 25V | - | - |
| - | 35V | 35V | - | - |
| 50V | 50V | 50V | 50V | - |
| - | 63V | - | - | - |
| 100V | 100V | - | 100V | - |
| - | 160V | - | - | - |
| - | | - | 200V | - |
| - | 250V | - | - | 250V |
| - | 350V | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | 400V | 400V |
| - | 450V | - | - | - |
| 600V | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | 630V |
| 1000V | - | - | - | - |
In this reading we are going to talk about capacitance. I have to make a distinction here between capacitor and capacitance. A capacitor is a device, whereas capacitance is an electrical property. First we will discuss the capacitor and then the property of capacitance.
We will avoid mathematics where possible.
Construction

As you can see a capacitor is a two terminal device. There is always an insulator between the plates of a capacitor. This should suggest to you that current never flows through a capacitor.
Continue reading
Capacitance Part I ...